Yamaha QX-21 Manualul proprietarului

Marca: Yamaha

Model: QX-21

Categorie: Microfoane

Tip: Manualul proprietarului

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MT2X

YAMAHA

AUTHORIZED

PRODUCT MANUAL

Multitrack Cassette Recorder

YAMAHA

Multitrack Cassette Recorder

Operating Manual

Congratulations on your choice of the Yamaha MT2X Multitrack Cassette

Recorder. The Yamaha MT2X Multitrack Cassette Recorder is a complete

multitrack recording package which elegantly integrates a high-performance

six-channel mixer and dual-speed 4-track cassette recorder. It is fully com-

patible with advanced MIDI tape synchronization applications, and accepts

an optional plug-in YMC2 MIDI Converter that makes MIDI timing signals

from any appropriate MIDI device usable for synchronization With a full

complement of carefully planned features and functions, the MT2X is a

musical instrument in its own right. It can vastly expand your creative

scope.

To take full advantage of the outstanding features and performance

capabilities of the MT2X, we urge to read this owner’s manual thoroughly.

CONTENTS

BEFORE OPERATION

................................................................. 2

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS

...................... 2

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRACKS AND CHANNELS

............ 3

WHAT IS A MULTITRACK CASSETTE RECORDER? .................. 3

THE CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

.................................... 4

MIXER SECTION ................................................................... 4

RECORDER SECTION

............................................................

METER AND MONITOR SECTION

...........................................

CONNECTOR SECTION

..........................................................

CONNECTION EXAMPLE

............................................................

ABOUT CASSETTE TAPES

.........................................................

MULTITRACK RECORDING TECHNIQUES

....................................

ONE EXAMPLE OF A MULTITRACK RECORDING PROCESS

.......

BEFORE RECORDING

.............................................................

MULTITRACK RECORDING

....................................................

USING CHANNELS 5 AND 6 ..................................................

SYNC-RECORDING

.................................................................... 34

FOR MAXIMUM

PERFORMANCE OF YOUR

MT2X ........................ 35

BLOCK DIAGRAM

.....................................................................

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

.......................................................

INTRODUCTION TO THE ACCESSORIES

......................................

SERVICE

..................................................................................

BEFORE OPERATION

PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS:

ABOUT CASSETTE TAPE

This unit is designed to be used only with Chrome-

position tape, and will not work properly with Ferri-

chrome tape formulations. CrO

2 tape (Bias: HIGH;

EQ: 70µs) should be used. Also, the use of C-120

tapes is not recommended because they exhibit

poorer performance, and can be the cause of equip-

ment failure.

ABOUT dbx

In order to get proper sound reproduction, set the dbx

switch ON when playing back tapes recorded with

dbx on, and keep it OFF when playing back tapes

recorded without dbx.

*dbx and the dbx mark are trademarks of dbx in-

corporated.

*The dbx system has been manufactured under

license of dbx Incorporated.

CHECK YOUR AC POWER SUPPLY

PRECAUTION AGAINST LIGHTNING

In the event of lightning or electrical storms, unplug

the AC power cord as soon as possible to avoid poten-

tial damage.

DO NOT OPEN THE CABINET

To avoid electrical shock or damage to the unit, do

not open the cabinet and tamper with the parts or

circuits inside.

CONNECTING OTHER EQUIPMENT

Make sure the power switch is OFF and the input

fader is all the way down when connecting other

equipment.

MOVING THE UNIT

To prevent shorts or breakage, make sure all connec-

tion cords have been removed from the unit before

moving it.

CLEANING THE CABINET

Make sure that your local AC mains voltage matches

the voltage specified on the bottom panel of the

MT2X — check this BEFORE plugging in and turning

on your MT2X! For General models equipped with a

voltage selector, make sure the voltage selector is set

to match your local line voltage.

Do not clean the unit with benzene or other power-

ful solvents, and avoid the use of aerosol insecticides

near the unit. Clean the unit only with a soft, dry

cloth.

The rated supply voltage for U.S. and Canadian

models is 120 VAC. The General model is rated for

use with 110/120/220/240 VAC supplies (the bottom-

panel voltage selector is factory preset to

220 volts).

FCC CERTIFICATION (USA)

This equipment generates and uses radio frequen-

cy energy and if not installed and used properly, that

is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions, may cause interference to radio and

television reception. It has been type tested and

found to comply with the limits for a Class B com-

puting device in accordance with the specifications

in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are

designed to provide reasonable protection against

such interference in a residential installation. How-

ever, there is no guarantee that interference will not

occur in a particular installation. If this equipment

does cause interference to radio or television recep-

tion, which can be determined by turning the equip-

ment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to

correct the interference by one or more of the follow-

ing measures:

Reorient the receiving antenna.

Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.

Move the computer away from the receiver.

Plug the computer into a different outlet so that

computer and receiver are on different branch cir-

cuits.

If necessary, the user should consult the dealer

or an experienced radio/television technician for ad-

ditional suggestions. The user may find the follow-

ing booklet prepared by the Federal Communications

Commission helpful:

“How to identify and Resolve Radio-TV inter-

ference problems”.

This booklet is available from the U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No.

004-000-00345-4.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRACKS AND CHANNELS

The words “track” and “channel” are often confused. In order to properly operate this unit, it is necessary to under-

stand the meanings of these terms.

TRACK:

The “band” on the tape itself where a certain signal is

recorded. The tape inside a cassette has four different

tracks, enabling the recording of four distinct signals.

For conventional recordings, there are two tracks (stereo

left and right) on each side of the tape.

CHANNEL:

The route of a signal input or output. In the input side,

this unit has six INPUT channels and two AUX channels.

The output side consists of one stereo channel (made

up of two mono channels) and an AUX channel.

WHAT IS A MULTITRACK CASSETTE RECORDER?

The difference between the MT2X multitrack cassette recorder and a conventional stereo cassette deck is shown

below.

CONVENTIONAL STEREO CASSETTE DECK

The diagram shows how a conventional stereo cassette

deck records and plays back music. The four tracks on

a cassette tape represent the left and right (for stereo)

For right channel track

sound for each side of the tape. The MT2X uses these

For left channel track

four tracks for single-direction recording and playback

For left channel track on the B side

on only one side of a cassette tape.

For right channel track on the B side

Conventional stereo cassette recorders always record

For right channel track on the A side

and play back in the same mode, with the tape side

For left channel track on the A side

(direction) determining which two tracks will be used.

These recorders do not allow separate selection of tracks

for recording and playback.

MT2X MULTITRACK CASSETTE RECORDER

For channel 3

For channel 4

Multitrack recorders, however, allow you to record or

playback tracks separately as you choose. This enables

a degree of recording and playback freedom not possible

with conventional cassette recorders.

Track for channel 4 (track 4)

Track for channel 3 (track 3)

Track for channel 2 (track 2)

Track for channel 1 (track 1)

THE CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

This section explains the names and functions of all the knobs, sliders, and switches for the mixer, recorder, meter/

monitor, and connector sections. Familiarize yourself with them in order to take full advantage of the MT2X’s ver-

satile functions.

MIXER SECTION

INPUT SELECTOR SWITCHES

These three-position switches are provided on input

channels 1 through 4. Position them according to the

operation to be performed. Note that input channels 5

TAPE:

Set the switch to this position to playback

material which has already been recorded on

this channel. Channels 1–4 correspond to

tracks 1–4 on the tape.

MIC/LINE: Only input channels 1 and 2 accept

microphone input. This position on the chan-

nel 3 and 4 inputs is simply marked “LINE”.

Set this switch to the proper position when

the output of a microphone, keyboard instru-

ment, or electric guitar is connected to the

corresponding input jack on the front panel.

and 6 only accept line input.

OFF:

Be sure to set the switch to this position

when the channel is not being used, or when

you don’t want to playback material already

recorded on the track. Although sliding the

input fader to the “O” position will stop

the signal, it’s a good idea to also set the

switch to OFF.

instrument

to channel

1 or 2

Sounds already

recorded

Microphone or

GAIN CONTROLS

These controls adjust the input level of the channel

to match the output level of a microphone or instru-

ment connected to input jack of channel 1 or 2.

Control from

-10dB to -50dB is possible. Adjust

the output level of the microphone or instrument as

outlined in its instruction booklet.

Low output source,

such as a microphone

High out-

put source,

such as an

electronic

keyboard

CLIP INDICATOR

These LED indicators are provided on channels 1 and 2.

If a CLIP LED lights, the input level to that channel is

too high and is causing clipping distortion. The situation

must be remedied by reducing the setting of the corres-

ponding GAIN control, or by reducing the output level

of the source.

INPUT FADERS

These controls adjust the volume of the signal input, and

send it to the equalizer. Each control is used for set-

ting the sound level of its channel when mixing it with

the signals of other channels. Position “7” on the scale

is considered ideal for the lowest noise and distortion

characteristics.

L R AUX

Input signal

Pan pot

Equalizer controls AUX control

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Be sure to set the control to “0” for channels not being

used.

EQUALIZER CONTROLS

These controls are used to adjust the tonal character-

istics of the input signal, or the channel output during

playback of previously recorded material. The LO (low)

controls adjust the frequencies centering around 100Hz,

while the HI (high) controls adjust the frequencies center-

ing around 10KHz, with a 10dB boost or cut range for

both controls. Use of these equalizer controls will help

you to get the type of sound you desire, and allow you

to bring the sound “forward”, “clean up” unclear sounds,

and “push down” sounds at annoying frequencies.

In order to properly use these equalizers, it’s important

to understand the frequency response characteristics

of various musical instruments. This is particularly true

when trying to “change” the sound of a certain in-

strument, because you should know that instrument’s

harmonic sound components as well. For example, the

normal frequency range of a bass drum is between 50Hz

and 150Hz. To bring out this sound so you can feel it

better, the LO (low) control (which centers on the 100Hz

frequency band) can be moved up a little. But the har-

monic sound components are around I0KHz, so the HI

(high) control should also be moved up a little to achieve

the proper sound profile of the bass drum.

SOUND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EQUALIZER AND

VARIOUS MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Normal frequency ----- Harmonic sound

components

If accurate and comprehensive sound equalization is

required, connect a graphic equalizer or a parameteric

equalizer between the sound source and the input jack.

When recording material that you intend to “ping-pong”

(see “Ping-ponging” on page 25) later, give the input

somewhat of a high boost with the Hi control to help

preserve the high frequency response when the track is

re-recorded. This technique is known as “pre-emphasis,”

and is commonly used in professional recording.

PAN (PAN POT) CONTROLS

PAN

After volume level and equalizing, the input signal is sent

to these controls. During mixdown (see “Mixdown” on

page 31, each control helps determine the acoustic

“position” of the signal in regards to the stereo field.

Turning the control all the way to the left puts the signal

all the way over to the left side of the stereo sound field;

turning the control to the right sends the signal towards

the right. At dead center, the signal comes out equally

from the left and right channels.

Center

All the way to the left,

the signal comes out

from the left channel.

All the way to the

right, the signal comes

out from the right

channel.

PAN

These controls are also useful in ping-ponging (see “Ping-

ponging” on page 25).

AUX CONTROLS

The MT2X is equipped with an AUX SEND jack

and two (left and right) AUX RETURN jacks

When special

effects are desired on a certain channel, reverb or delay effects can be connected between these jacks to provide

only the desired effect to the desired channel. Amplified monitor speakers can also be connected to the AUX SEND

jack. Each AUX control adjusts the sources connected to the AUX SEND jack in the following manner.

CONNECTING AN EFFECTOR

AUX MASTER

SEND control

AUX controls

Channel 1 signal

Channel 2 signal

Channel 3 signal

Channel 4 signal

Channel 5 signal

Channel 6 signal

Effects device

(digital reverb, digital delay, etc.)

AUX RTN control

To the left & right

stereo mix busses

Raise the AUX control of the channel which requires effects. At the same time, make sure that the AUX controls for the other channels

are adjusted for proper balance. The effected signal, with all the channel signals mixed in, flows in the following manner: AUX MASTER

SEND control effects device AUX RTN . At the end, the sounds are mixed by the stereo mix buss.

CONNECTING MONITOR SPEAKERS

AUX control

AUX MASTER

SEND control

Channel 1 signal

Channel 2 signal

Channel 3 signal

Channel 4 signal

Channel 5 signal

Channel 6 signal

Amplified monitor

speakers

Performers or sound mixers can control the level balance of the four channels (instruments) with the AUX controls

, with the total output

level adjusted by the AUX MASTER SEND control

MASTER FADER

This controls the level of all the input faders, as well as the final level of the effected signal of the AUX RTN control

and the sound mixed through the stereo mix buss. The output level of the ST OUT jack (the recording level

at mixdown) and the recording level during ping-ponging are also adjusted with this control.

Set the control input faders at “7” for best results.

AUX MASTER SEND CONTROL

This control adjusts the level of the effect-mixed signals

from each channel (adjusted by each AUX control )

as well as the AUX signal for monitoring use. The final

output is through the AUX SEND jack

AUX RETURN CONTROL

This control adjusts the input level of effects or sub-

mixers connected to the AUX RTN jack . The level of

the effect in relation to the “dry” sound can be set with

this control.

SYNC SWITCH

Normally left in the “OFF” position, this switch should

be set to REC or PB if this unit is to be used for syn-

chronized operation with MIDI products like synthesizers

and rhythm machines. Synchro operation is explained in

the section on Sync-Recording on page 34.

POWER INDICATOR

This indicator lights when the power switch on the

rear panel is turned on.

RECORDER SECTION

RECORD SELECT SWITCHES

These switches are used to choose the signal to be

recorded. When the track is not to be recording, set the

corresponding switch to the OFF position. Switch ON

only those switches corresponding to the tracks which

are to record. The panel indications for “L" and “R” cor-

respond to the stereo left and right signals, whereas “1”,

“2”, “3”, and “4” correspond to the signal from the 1,

2, 3, and 4 input channels. Those signals are recorded

on their respective track when the switches are in

position.

NOTE:

Tracks 1 and 3 cannot be recorded from the right

stereo signal, and tracks 2 and 4 cannot be

recorded from the left stereo signal.

REC INDICATORS

Each track on the MT2X has its own REC indicator LED.

When the RECORD SELECT switches are used to set one

or more of the tracks to the REC standby mode (that is,

the selected tracks are ready to record but the cassette

transport is not yet running in the REC mode), the cor-

responding REC INDICATOR(s) will flash. When record-

ing is actually begun, the REC INDICATORS for the

selected tracks will light continuously.

REC SWITCH

When this switch is pressed, the PLAY switch also

moves, and the unit goes into the recording mode.

However, if the RECORD SELECT switches for all tracks

1-4 are switched OFF, nothing will be recorded.

NOTE: When the REC switch is pressed down, noise

occurs which is recorded on the tape. In order

to prevent this, we recommended the use of the

PAUSE switch . Press the PAUSE switch first,

then press the REC switch. To start recording,

press the PAUSE switch again to shift out of the

REC pause mode

and into the recording mode.

PLAY SWITCH

Press this switch for playback. However, if the input

selector switch of a track is not in the TAPE position,

the sound will not be heard on the stereo buss.

REW SWITCH (REWIND)

Use this switch to rewind the tape. Pressing it when

the MT2X is in the PLAY mode enables you to hear the

sound of the tape while it rewinds. This feature is use-

ful for finding the beginning of a song or other recorded

material.

FF SWITCH (FAST FORWARD)

Use this switch to quickly advance the tape forward.

Pressing it when the MT2X is in the PLAY mode enables

you to hear the sound of the tape while it is moved for-

ward. This feature is useful for cueing up the start of

a subsequent song or other recorded material on the

tape.

STOP SWITCH

Press this to stop tape.

PAUSE SWITCH

Press this switch to momentarily stop playback or

recording in progress. Press it again to restart.

dbx SWITCH

Ordinary cassette tapes don’t have sufficient dynamic

range (the level difference between the softest sounds

and the loudest peaks) to adequately record highly

dynamic music. If the dbx switch is put “ON” during

recording, highly dynamic music signals can be ade-

quately handled, while the hiss noise inherent to cassette

tapes is kept down below the range of human hearing.

If the dbx switch is kept “ON” during recording, it must

also be kept “ON” during playback.

PITCH CONTROL

During recording or playback, this control can be used

to vary the tape running speed from +10% to -10%.

The pitch of voices or musical instruments also varies

in proportion to tape speed.

Under normal conditions, the control should be in the

center position. When overdubbing (playing back a

recorded passage while recording new material on a dif-

ferent track) the pitch of the previously recorded material

can be altered to match the new material if necessary.

This feature can also be used to obtain certain special

effects during recording.

TAPE SPEED SWITCH

This switch selects either LO (4.8 cm/s) or HI (9.5

cm/sec) cassette tape speed. The low-speed setting cor-

responds to standard cassette tape speed, offering max-

imum recording time. The HI setting causes the tape

to run at twice the standard tape speed, reducing avail-

able recording time but significantly improving sound

quality.

TAPE COUNTER

This displays the amount of tape run.

RESET SWITCH

Press this switch to reset the tape counter to “000”.

Pressing this switch at the start of recording, or at the

beginning of a song, makes it easy to cue up the selec-

tion from the start.

ZERO STOP SWITCH

If this switch is set “ON” during rewinding, the tape

will stop when the tape counter reaches “999”. During

multitrack recording, this feature is convenient for

repeated playback or recording operations after rewind.

METER AND MONITOR SECTION

METER SELECT SWITCH

This switch is used to select the signal to be monitored

by the Peak Level Meters

Stereo Position:

The level of the signal output through the ST OUT

jacks is indicated. The meter on the far left shows

the level of the Left channel of the stereo signal, while

the second meter from the left shows the level of the

Right channel. Setting to this position during ping-

ponging or mixdown operations enables easy reading

of the recording level.

4 TRK Position:

Set the switch in this position to display the level of

each track. Starting from the far left, each meter cor-

responds to tracks 1–-4. During playback, the play-

back level is displayed; during recording, the record-

ing level is displayed. Setting the switch to this posi-

tion during overdubbing enables easy reading of the

recording level.

PEAK LEVEL METERS

There are 14 LED indicators in each meter which show

a range from - 20dB to +6dB. During recording, setting

levels high (but below the point where the recording

becomes distorted) will ensure the greatest dynamic

range with the lowest possible noise. An ideal point is

when the LED indicators for 0dB and above flash occa-

sionally.

During stereo signal level indication, the actual specified

output from the ST OUT jacks is - 10dB (into a 50K

ohm load) when the LED indicators start to flash at 0dB.

PHONES SELECT SWITCH

You can plug a set of headphones into the PHONES jack on the front panel to monitor the sound. The PHONES

SELECT Switch is used to select the signal to be monitored. Control the volume level with the PHONES volume

control .

STEREO Position:

Put the switch in this position to monitor the signal output through the ST OUT jacks .

The Left and Right chan-

nels of the stereo signal will be heard through the headphones.

When set to this position during ping-ponging or mixdown operations, the mixed signal of all the instruments can

be monitored.

MONITOR Position:

This position is for monitoring the signal of each track. You can freely monitor while mixing the sound of each

track during recording or playback. Using the MONITOR LEVEL Controls

set the desired level for each track.

MIX Position:

This position allows you to simultaneously monitor

both the sound heard in the STEREO position and the

sound heard in the MONITOR position. Setting to this

position during punch-in/punch-out operations will

enable the type of monitoring shown below. (Refer to

“Punch-in/Punch-out” on page 27).

For

example,

when adding in instruments or vocals in the following

way:

For retake

The sound of

Tracks 1-3

tracks 1-4 plus the

plus the sound

sound of the

of the material

material

to be added.

added.

MONITOR LEVEL CONTROLS

When setting the PHONES SELECT Switch to the

MONITOR position, these level controls are used for each

track to achieve a level balance for easy monitoring. Use

these controls freely and independently to maintain a

desired level balance during overdubbing operations,

when the addition of a new signal changes the volume.

PHONES CONTROL

This control adjusts the volume of the headphones (See

page 10).

CONNECTOR SECTION

FRONT PANEL

INPUT JACKS

The MT2X mixer has six channels and therefore six IN-

PUT jacks. INPUT 1 and 2 can be used with microphones

or line-level sources such as electric and electronic

instruments. INPUT

S 3 through 6 accept only line-level

input.

Plug a set of headphones into this jack for monitoring.

PHONES JACK

Please use headphones rated from 8–40 ohms for best

results.

PUNCH IN/OUT JACK

When directly connecting an electric guitar to one of

the MT2X INPUTs, we recommend the use of a guitar

preamplifier or “direct box” between the guitar and

MT2X to ensure optimum sound quality.

REAR PANEL

By connecting the optional FS-1 footswitch to this jack,

you can control punch-in/punch-out operations by foot.

POWER SWITCH

This switch turns on the MT2X. When switching the unit

on or off, make sure that the Input Faders and the

AUX RTN Control are at the “0” position.

SYNC IN/SYNC OUT JACKS

These jacks are used during synchronized operation with

MIDI-equipped instruments. The jacks make it possible

to use an optional YMC10 MIDI Converter in place of the

YMC2 MIDI Converter designed specifically for the

MT2X. For a detailed explanation, refer to “Sync-

Recording” on page 34.

TAPE OUT JACKS

These jacks directly output the signal of each track. Dur-

ing playback, the signals of the tracks being played are

output. During recording, the signals of the tracks be-

ing recorded are output. Since the output level cannot

be adjusted, the input levels of the mixer or recorder

connected to these jacks must be set to match the

output level of the MT2X. These jacks can be conven-

iently used in the following ways:

l Another 4-track recorder can be connected for direct

dubbing of all four channels.

l An external mixer can be connected for mixdown.

ST OUT JACKS

The mixed signals of each channel (and each track) are

output in stereo through these jacks. Since these jacks

output the final mix, a stereo cassette deck can be

connected. These jacks can also be used as follows.

l The MT2X can be used as a sub-mixer, with the out-

put sent to a main mixer through this jack.

l A stereo amplifier or powered monitor speakers can

be connected through this jack.

AUX SEND JACK

This jack outputs the mixed signal from the Aux bus, and

is used as an output terminal for the connection of an

effects device. This can also be used as an additional

monitor output.

AUX RTN JACKS

These jacks are used to input the signal from an effects

device back into the MT2X. As well, the mixed output

from an external mixer can be connected to these jacks.

Please note that if only a single plug is inserted into either

one of these jacks, the signal will be sent to both Left

and Right channels. This is useful if the effects device

being used is mono.

YMC2 CONNECTOR

This connector accepts the optional YMC2 MIDI Con-

verter which has been designed for perfect electronic

and cosmetic matching with the MT2X. When installed,

the YMC2 receives its power directly from the MT2X.

The YMC2 is used for tape synchronization of external

MIDI equipment. The synchronization signal is recorded

on track 4 of the MT2X tape.

VOLTAGE SELECTOR (General model only)

The MT2X voltage selector is located on the

bottom panel. A standard screwdriver (“minus”

type) can be used to rotate the selector to match

the MT2X to your local AC mains voltage.

* NEVER ADJUST THE VOLTAGE SELECTOR

WHILE THE AC CORD IS PLUGGED IN!

* CHECK THAT THE SELECTED VOLTAGE IS

CORRECT BEFORE PLUGGING IN YOUR MT2X

FOR THE FIRST TIME!

CONNECTION EXAMPLES

BASIC MT2X SYSTEM WITH EFFECTS

MT2X + SPX90 + monitor system + mic

+ guitar + DX100 + RX17

This basic recording system puts the

MT2X’s six input channels to good use.

A microphone for vocals and an electric

guitar are plugged into channels 1 and 2,

taking advantage of the low-level input

and level-matching capability provided

by these channels. Channels 3 and 4

receive the stereo outputs from a

Yamaha DX100 Digital Programmable

Algorithm Synthesizer, and the stereo

outputs from a Yamaha RX17 Digital

Rhythm Programmer are plugged into

channels 5 and 6. With a setup like this,

you’re ready to record any source on

virtually any track with no need for

repatching. For top-quality reverb, delay

and other effects a Yamaha SPX90 Multi-

effect Processor is connected into the

MT2X’s AUX SEND/RETURN loop. A sim-

ple but highly effective monitor system

is provided by a pair of Yamaha KS10

powered speakers.

MIDI TAPE SYNC SYSTEM

In this system the YMC2 MIDI Converter

converts the MIDI timing signals from the

QX21 Digital Sequence Recorder into

analog signals which are recorded on

track 4 of the tape. On playback, the

analog tape signals are converted back

into MIDI form by the YMC2 and used to

control START and STOP of the QX21.

Thus, playback of the QX21 sequencer,

which controls the DX27 Digital Pro-

grammable Algorithm Synthesizer and

RX17 Digital Rhythm Programmer, is

perfectly synchronized to playback of the

MT2X tape. Other material can now be

recorded on tracks 1 through 3 of the

MT2X

— vocals, acoustic instruments,

etc.

— in perfect synchronization with

the MIDI sequence. The benefit is that

we effectively have more than four

playback tracks, and that the synchronir-

ed MIDI instruments can be modified as

desired: i.e., voices can be changed on

the synthesizer or the QX21 sequence

edited without affecting any other tracks.

AMP

I I

RX17

DX21

MT2X + YMC2 + QX21 + DX27 + RX17 + monitor system

KS10

DX27

ABOUT CASSETTE TAPES

This unit is designed to be used only with Chrome-

position tape, and will not work properly with Ferri-

chrome tape formulations. CrO

2 tape (Bias: HIGH; EQ:

70µ should be used. Also, the use of C-120 tapes is

not recommended because they exhibit poorer perfor-

mance, and can be the cause of equipment failure.

Preventing accidental erasure of recordings

To keep from inadvertently erasing a prized recording, all

cassette tapes have record protection tabs along the top

edge of the cassette shell. If this tab is broken out using

a screwdriver or any other appropriate implement, it will

not be possible to record on the corresponding side of

the tape. This will protect your recordings from accidental

erasure. For 4-track recording, it’s necessary to break out

the tabs for both the A and B sides of the tape.

When you’d like to record over a tape with the tabs

broken out, just cover the holes (where the tabs were)

with tape.

PREVENTING ACCIDENTAL TAPE ERASURE:

Break off the tab

with a screwdriver or

similar implement.

RECORDING OVER A TAPE WITH THE TABS BROKEN OUT:

Cover the holewith

Playing tapes recorded on other cassette

recorders

When playing Normal-position tapes, or tapes encoded

with Dolby B noise reduction the MT2X, the following

steps are advised:

1) Playing Normal-position tapes — move the HI

equalizer fader in the "+" direction to boost the high

frequencies until the sound is satisfactory.

2) Playing tapes encoded with Dolby B NR — put the

dbx switch in the “OFF” position, and move the HI

equalizer fader in the "-" direction to reduce the

high frequencies until the sound is satisfactory.

Taking up tape slack

If the tape is used when it is slack, or some portion of

the tape is out of the cassette shell, there is a risk it

may become tangled around the capstan or pinchroller.

In order to correct this, insert a pencil or ballpoint pen

into the center of one reel, and rotate to take up loose

tape slack.

Cassette shell

Storing cassette tapes

To prevent tape slack, fit a stopper into the tape or keep

tapes in their cases. Do not store tapes in direct sunlight,

or in places with high heat or humidity, as this may

damage the tapes. Also, keep the tapes away from

magnetic fields, such as near televisions or speakers,

because the recordings can be erased or sonically altered

to some degree.

l MAINTENANCE

As a good general rule, the tape heads, pinchroller and

capstan should be cleaned before each recording, thus

ensuring the best audio quality.

After the deck has been used for a period of time, the

heads, pinchroller, and capstan will become dirty. This

increases noise and uneven rotation, leading to a

deterioration in sound quality. Therefore, periodic clean-

ing and demagnetization is a must to preserve optimal

audio performance.

Use cotton swabs and alcohol or head cleaning fluid

(available in most all audio stores) to clean the heads,

capstan, and pinchroller. Do not use rubbing alcohol as

this contains mineral oil which can damage the

mechanism. Keeping the heads clean is essential for

good recordings. For demagnetization, use a quality head

demagnetizer, and follow the instructions carefully.

Pinchroller

* It’s important to keep all parts clean!

MULTITRACK RECORDING TECHNIQUES

ONE EXAMPLE OF A MULTlTRACK

RECORDING PROCESS

Multitrack recording is usually used to record a rhythm

section, with overdubbing and ping-ponging operations

assisting in mixing the parts of the various musicians in

the proper balance. Finally, the tape is mixed down to

produce a stereo master tape.

These are the steps in our example:

Record the drums on track 1

Record the bass on track 2

Record the rhythm guitar on track 3

Ping-ponging tracks 1 –- 3 onto track 4

(freeing tracks 1 – 3)

Record the keyboards on track 3

Record the lead guitar on track 2

Record the vocals on track 1

Mixdown tracks 1 – 4 to produce a stereo

master tape

Track 1

Track 2

Track 3

Track 4

Mixdown

BEFORE RECORDING

RECORDING LEVEL

In making a good recording, the most important step is

setting the ideal recording level. If the level is too low,

the recording will contain a lot of noise and hiss; if the

level is too high, the recording will sound distorted and

unclear. The MT2X is equipped with peak level meters

which show the level of each track, as well as the level

of the stereo output signal. Use these meters to help you

set the ideal recording level. If the level meters “peak

out” (show the maximum reading) briefly, it’s not a pro-

blem. However, if they’re peaking out for more than a

second or two, then distortion may become a problem.

dbx SYSTEM

Keep the dbx switch “ON” to expand dynamic range and

to reduce inherent tape noise.

SELECT THE BEST TAPE SPEED

The MT2X gives you a choice of two tape speeds. The

low speed gives you about double the record/playback

time of the high-speed mode — at the expense of

reproduction quality. Use the low-speed mode when

making test recordings or simply trying out ideas. Use

the high-speed mode when you need the best possible

sound quality — when recording an important demo, for

example.

PLAN CAREFULLY FOR MICROPHONE RECORDING

Since the MT2X only permits microphone recording via

channels 1 and 2, one or both of these channels must

be kept available if you plan to record with microphones.

STEREO POSITIONING

It’s important to think about the acoustic “position” of

all the instruments well before you start your multitrack

recording.

Here’s one example of acoustic positioning. Set the bass

drum and the snare drum in the center, with the tom-

toms and high hat set off to either side to bring out the

“stereo” effect. The bass and other “heavy” instruments

should be in the center, with the keyboards to the left

and the guitar to the right. Solo instruments and voices

should span both right and left. Solo instruments with

a stereo output can have their left channel connected

to a delay machine, while the right channel is recorded

directly. You can probably think of many other different

ways to “arrange” the soundstage.

EQUALIZATION AND EFFECT PROCESSING

Equalization and effect processing are usually added at

the ping-pong and mixdown stages. In multitrack record-

ing, these types of signal processing can be decided on

later, and employed to any degree necessary. However,

the MT2X is limited in the number of effects which can

be used during mixdown, so it’s best to use them dur-

ing the initial recording stages.

MONlTORlNG

In addition to circuits for signal recording, this unit also

features a separate monitor circuit to allow the performer

to monitor the levels of the recording in progress through

a pair of headphones. In this case, set the PHONES

SELECT switch to the “MONITOR” position. Adjust the

volume level of each track with its MONITOR LEVEL

controls.

In addition, powered monitor speakers can be directly

connected to the ST OUT jacks or the AUX SEND jack.

MULTITRACK RECORDING

PLAN YOUR RECORDING

RECORDING THE DRUMS

A clear plan is essential before you begin multitrack

recording. If you begin cold, without regard to all the

steps involved, you may “record yourself into a corner”

by running out of available empty tracks, missing the

chance to add effects at the proper points, losing con-

trol over the final stereo positioning of the instruments,

and creating the need for more ping-pong and mixdown

recording operations than really necessary. Although you

can perform ping-pong and mixdown operations without

limit, a certain amount of noise and sound degradation

results during these operations. It’s best to hold ping-

ponging down to 1 or 2 operations in order to achieve

good sound quality.

So before you start, plan your recording carefully — what

order the parts will be recorded in, what instruments will

go on which tracks, how and when effects will be used,

when recorded tracks will be ping-ponged, and what sort

of end result is desired. The recording process of the ex-

ample we will explain in this section is illustrated on page

16.

The drums will be recorded on track 1. In recent years,

drum machines and rhythm machines have made an

appearance, with Yamaha coming out with the high-

performance RX-series.

In this example we’ll use an RX-series Digital Rhythm pro-

grammer to record a high-quality drum track. The “L” and

“R” stereo outputs from the rhythm programmer are fed

to input channels 1 and 2 of the MT2X, and these are

mixed down onto track 1 of the tape.

The Yamaha SPX90 Multi-effect processor is an ideal

way to add live-sounding reverb to the drums. The

SPX90 is connected between the MT2X AUX SEND and

stereo AUX RTN jacks.

— Signal route when recording drums —

Input signal

Effect signal

Recording signal

Signal displayed by the meter

Monitor signal

Output L

Output R

AUX RTN

1717

Effect

OUT 1-1 IN

Meter 1

ST OUT

— Drum Recording Procedure —

1. Connections

Plug the AC cord into an AC outlet.

Plug the Digital Rhythm Programmer’s stereo out-

puts into INPUTs 1 and 2.

Plug a pair of monitor headphones (rated 8–40

ohms) into the PHONES jack.

When using an effect, connect it between the AUX

SEND jack (input) and either of the AUX RTN jacks

(output).

2. Getting ready

Lift open the cassette door and insert a chrome

position (CrO2) tape.

Bias: HIGH, Eq: 70µs.

Return all the switches and controls to their nor-

mal positions, referring to the control panel illustra-

tion on pages 4~10.

Turn the power switches on for the effect and

rhythm programmer, and then turn the MT2X "ON".

The POWER indicator will light.

3. Setting up the recorder section

Press the RESET switch to return the counter to

"000".

Turn "ON" the ZERO STOP switch.

Turn "ON" the dbx switch.

Select the appropriate tape speed the 9.5 cm/sec.

is recommended.

Set the RECORD SELECT switch 1 to the "L" posi-

tion. This is to record the Left stereo signal onto

track 1. The REC indicator will begin flashing.

Press the pause switch to start the recording. The

REC indicator will light up completely.

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Yamaha QX-21 Manualul proprietarului

Marca: Yamaha

Model: QX-21

Categorie: Microfoane

Tip: Manualul proprietarului

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